Defining Astigmatism
Astigmatism is a common refractive error of the eye that affects how light is focused. Unlike nearsightedness (myopia) or farsightedness (hyperopia), which are caused by irregularities in the shape of the eye's lens or cornea, astigmatism occurs when the cornea or lens has an irregular curvature. This irregularity causes light to be focused unevenly onto the retina, resulting in blurred or distorted vision at all distances.
Compound Errors in Refraction
Astigmatism can occur in combination with myopia or hyperopia, making it a compound refractive error. It can also exist on its own, known as simple astigmatism. The severity of astigmatism varies from person to person, with some individuals experiencing mild symptoms and others experiencing more significant visual distortion. One of the key characteristics of astigmatism is that it causes vision to be blurred or distorted in specific directions. For example, individuals with astigmatism may notice that vertical lines appear clearer than horizontal lines, or vice versa. This is due to the irregular curvature of the cornea or lens, which causes light rays to be focused differently depending on their orientation.
Symptoms of Astigmatism
Symptoms of Astigmatism can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common signs and symptoms include:   Â
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Blurred or distorted vision at all distances
Difficulty seeing fine details or reading small print
Eye strain or fatigue, especially after prolonged periods or reading or using digital devices
Headaches or eye discomfort, particularly when focusing on objects at different distances
Squinting or tilting the head to try and improve focus
Astigmatism is typically diagnosed during a comprehensive eye examination conducted by an optometrist or ophthalmologist. This examination may include visual acuity testing, refraction assessment, and measurement of corneal curvature. Specialized tests, such as keratometry or corneal topography, may also be used to assess the degree and orientation of astigmatism.
Treatment
Treatment options for astigmatism depend on the severity of the condition and the individual's visual needs. Mild astigmatism may not require treatment if it does not significantly affect vision or cause symptoms. In cases where correction is needed, options may include:
1. Eyeglasses
Prescription eyeglasses with cylindrical lenses can compensate for the irregular curvature of the cornea or lens, providing clear and focused vision.
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2. Contact Lenses
Toric contact lenses are specially designed to correct astigmatism by aligning with the orientation of the irregular corneal curvature. These lenses are available in soft or rigid gas permeable (RGP) materials.
3. Refractive Surgery
Procedures such as LASIK (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis) or PRK (photorefractive keratectomy) can reshape the cornea to correct astigmatism and other refractive errors. These surgical options are typically considered for individuals who are not satisfied with glasses or contact lenses or who are seeking a more permanent solution.
It's essential for individuals with astigmatism to undergo regular eye examinations to monitor their vision and ensure that any changes in refractive error are addressed promptly. With proper diagnosis and treatment, most people with astigmatism can achieve clear and comfortable vision for their daily activities. There are even contact lens options for people with astigmatisms. At MCO, we see all kinds of patients, many of whom have astigmatisms. With the right prescription and eyewear fitting, you can reduce the symptoms of astigmatism and increase magnification of what is best for your eyesight. See more clearly immediately with MCO, schedule an appointment today.
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